Dr. Qudsia Akram , Fatima Afzal , Arusha Siddique. “Terrorism and Counter Terrorism in Africa: A Case Study of Boko Haram and Al-Qaeda in Nigeria ”. Pakistan Journal of International Affairs 4, no. 3 (September 27, 2021). Accessed November 10, 2025. https://pjia.com.pk/index.php/pjia/article/view/220.